大学受験対策｜英語 長文読解問題24 難易度：★★☆☆☆

Earthquake prediction is an important topic for many people around the world. Scientists want to warn people before an earthquake happens, because earthquakes can cause serious damage and loss of life. However, predicting an earthquake is still very difficult. Researchers study the Earth’s crust for signs of movement or stress, and they use sensitive instruments called seismometers to measure tiny vibrations. In some places, experts also look at changes in the level of radon gas in the ground, which can sometimes increase before an earthquake.

Despite these efforts, there is no perfect way to say exactly when or where an earthquake will happen. One of the main challenges is the complexity of the Earth’s surface and the forces below it. The rocks beneath our feet are under constant pressure. Sometimes, stress can build up for many years before it is released suddenly as an earthquake. Because of this, it is hard to be certain of the time or location of the next event.

In recent years, scientists have started to use computer models and data from satellites to study the changes in Earth’s shape. These methods can help identify areas that may be at higher risk. Governments and communities also rely on early warning systems. These systems detect the first waves of an earthquake and send alerts to people’s phones or public broadcast networks. Even if the warning arrives only a few seconds before strong shaking starts, it can still help individuals find a safer place and protect themselves.

Although true earthquake prediction might still be far away, continued research and improved technology offer hope. By understanding more about how earthquakes happen, we can reduce damage, save lives, and prepare for future events.

Q1. Which statement best describes a major difficulty when attempting to predict earthquakes?

1. Most earthquakes arise only from daily surface tremors requiring minimal scientific insight.
2. Tectonic stresses accumulate unpredictably over many years, making precise timing nearly impossible.
3. Experts pinpoint the location of each earthquake easily due to modern equipment.
4. The Earth’s crust usually releases all stored pressure instantly without warning signs.

Q2. Which statement describes how scientists remain optimistic about earthquake forecasting developments?

1. Continued scientific progress and refined technology can minimize destruction in the future.
2. Researchers intend to end all quake hazards next year through direct crust adjustments.
3. Authorities advise people to abandon technology, hoping to handle earthquakes purely by luck.
4. Many scientists have confirmed that data from satellites rarely offer valuable insights.

Q3. Which statement is NOT supported by the passage?

1. Modern warning systems can detect initial quake waves and provide short notifications.
2. A guaranteed method to forecast quake timing and location with perfect accuracy has been discovered.
3. Radon gas fluctuations might appear prior to some seismic events, offering hints for researchers.
4. Scientists utilize sensitive seismometers to track subtle tremors and stress in Earth’s crust.