大学受験対策｜英語 長文読解問題31 難易度：★★☆☆☆

In many countries, economic inequality is a topic of debate. Some people think that having different incomes or opportunities creates a fair reward system, while others worry that it can lead to social problems. Let’s look at the potential advantages and disadvantages of inequality.

One possible benefit is that inequality can motivate people to work harder. If individuals see that they can earn more money or achieve a higher status, they might be more willing to develop their skills. They may also start businesses or pursue higher education. In addition, people sometimes argue that inequality encourages innovation. They also claim it attracts investment since entrepreneurs see potential for greater returns in an open economy. If society rewards success, creative ideas and inventions may receive more support.

Despite these possible advantages, there are also serious drawbacks. Large wealth gaps can cause tension between social groups and make it difficult for poor communities to improve their situation. For instance, children from low-income families might have fewer educational resources, making it harder for them to advance. Furthermore, inequality can harm social trust. People may feel that the system is unfair if they see others living far more comfortably without understanding why some have much more than others. This can lead to anger or hopelessness in communities.

In conclusion, while inequality can encourage effort and innovation, it also has negative side effects. It might lead to social problems, reduced trust, and limited opportunities for those in need. They may struggle to improve their lives without sufficient access to resources. Therefore, governments, businesses, and citizens must work together to find a balance that promotes both progress and fairness.

Q1. Which advantage is associated with inequality in the text?

1. It always ensures balanced wages for every workforce sector.
2. It motivates people to improve skills and seek greater gains.
3. It forces all companies to reduce educational expenses significantly.
4. It eliminates competition among new entrepreneurs in various fields.

Q2. Which issue is linked to wealth gaps, according to the text?

1. Small communities always receive more funding from outside sources.
2. Employees frequently gain higher positions in large organizations quickly.
3. Rich families often share their wealth with neighboring households freely.
4. People may lose hope when seeing very unequal living conditions.

Q3. Which statement is NOT supported by the passage?

1. Inequality always eliminates any desire to invent or succeed.
2. Joint cooperation is essential to balance growth and social fairness.
3. Some people feel income gaps can promote a fair outcome.
4. Low-income children have fewer tools to advance academically or socially.