大学受験対策｜英語 長文読解問題33 難易度：★★☆☆☆

Civil engineering projects often require a detailed understanding of the environment before any construction begins. In the past, engineers had to rely heavily on ground surveys or planes to collect information about land conditions. Today, many rely on data gathered by satellites, which can capture images and measurements from space. This method is known as remote sensing, and it has become increasingly important in modern civil engineering.

One of the main benefits of using satellite data is accuracy. By examining high-resolution images, engineers can see the shape of the land, identify potential risks like landslides, and plan more effectively. Satellite-based sensors can also measure changes in ground level, such as those caused by earthquakes or large-scale construction activities. In addition, remote sensing data can be collected quickly, saving both time and money compared to traditional ground-based methods.

Another advantage is the ability to observe vast areas regularly and consistently. Because satellites pass over the same regions at set intervals, engineers can track changes over weeks, months, or even years. This long-term information helps experts detect patterns, predict possible problems, and manage resources efficiently. However, working with satellite data can require specialized skills and tools. Engineers and data analysts must learn how to interpret images and adjust for factors like weather conditions or cloud cover.

Despite these challenges, the use of satellite data in civil engineering is expected to grow. With continual advances in technology, remote sensing will likely become even more accurate and affordable. As a result, engineers can design safer, more efficient projects for the benefit of communities worldwide.

Q1. Which modern method do civil engineers commonly use for gathering essential site information?

1. They rely on satellite-driven remote sensing strategies to assess land conditions from orbit.
2. They assign local residents to measure temperature and humidity with home devices daily.
3. They only conduct manned helicopter flights once a year for limited site surveys.
4. They purchase all their maps exclusively from private corporations without verifying accuracy.

Q2. What additional benefit of satellite-based data is highlighted in the passage?

1. They can pinpoint every minor surface crack instantly without any training or specialized software.
2. They automatically reduce all forms of construction expenses, leading to minimal project budgets overall.
3. They offer real-time 3D interactive models that require no post-processing or editing efforts.
4. They allow ongoing observation of large regions, enabling detection of gradual environmental changes over months or years.

Q3. Which statement is NOT supported by the passage about remote sensing in civil engineering?

1. Accurate satellite imagery can help engineers locate dangerous ground shifts or slopes.
2. Future improvements in technology will likely make remote sensing more cost-effective for global projects.
3. Civil engineers may frequently monitor extensive regions over time to detect slow environmental transformations.
4. All satellite surveys automatically ignore rain or heavy cloud cover, ensuring perfect measurements every day.