大学受験対策｜英語 長文読解問題51 難易度：★★★☆☆

In recent years, the transportation sector has become one of the largest sources of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide. According to the International Energy Agency, transportation accounts for nearly 25% of global energy-related CO₂ emissions. This has made the shift toward low-carbon transportation systems an urgent priority in the fight against climate change.

One important solution is the use of electric vehicles (EVs). Unlike gasoline-powered cars, EVs produce no tailpipe emissions. When charged using renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, they become even cleaner. Many countries, including Japan, the United States, and members of the European Union, have introduced policies to encourage the use of EVs by offering tax benefits and building charging infrastructure.

Another approach involves improving public transportation systems. Trains and buses, especially when powered by electricity or hydrogen, are much more energy-efficient than private cars. In some cities, governments are investing in bus rapid transit systems and bike-sharing programs to reduce car use and encourage eco-friendly alternatives.

Furthermore, many cities are promoting “walkable urban design,” which reduces the need for driving altogether. By placing homes, schools, and stores within walking distance, people can rely less on vehicles. Cities like Copenhagen and Amsterdam have already shown that it is possible to create low-carbon lifestyles through smart city planning.

The move to a low-carbon transportation society requires not only new technology but also a change in people’s daily habits. Individuals, companies, and governments must all take part in this effort. By working together, we can build a transportation system that is both efficient and environmentally friendly.

Q1. What is presented as an advantage of enhancing public transport?

1. It lowers the cost of international air tickets.
2. It consumes less energy than driving private vehicles.
3. It eliminates traffic signals in crowded downtown streets.
4. It allows passengers luxurious seating and personal entertainment.

Q2. Which feature best describes a “walkable” city model introduced in the text?

1. Skyscrapers integrated with high-speed elevator transport networks.
2. Underground highways keep surface roads free of cars.
3. Residential areas are separated from commercial shopping zones.
4. Essential services lie within comfortable walking distance for residents.

Q3. Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the passage?

1. Hydroelectric dams will replace all urban bus routes.
2. Many governments offer tax incentives for buying electric vehicles.
3. Transport contributes about one quarter of global CO₂ emissions.
4. Copenhagen demonstrates successful low-carbon lifestyles through urban planning.