【大学受験対策】英語長文読解問題59｜341語＋和訳・解答解説

Around the world, societies are aging at an unprecedented rate. This demographic shift is especially pronounced in developed countries such as Japan, Italy, and Germany, where birthrates are low and life expectancy is high. While longer lives are a sign of progress in medicine and living standards, the rapid growth of the elderly population poses significant challenges to social, economic, and healthcare systems.

One major concern is the shrinking workforce. As more people retire and fewer young workers enter the labor market, countries may experience a decline in productivity. This could lead to slower economic growth, reduced tax revenues, and increased pressure on pension systems. In nations like Japan, where more than 28% of the population is over 65, companies are already struggling to find enough workers to fill essential jobs.

Healthcare is another area under strain. Older individuals typically require more frequent and intensive medical care. As a result, health expenditures are rising rapidly, and many countries are struggling to maintain quality care without significantly increasing costs. Moreover, there is a growing need for long-term care services, including home-care workers, assisted living facilities, and geriatric specialists.

Social isolation is also a major issue among the elderly. As family structures change and more seniors live alone, many face loneliness and depression. This can negatively affect both mental and physical health. In response, some governments and communities have begun implementing programs to promote intergenerational interaction and community engagement, such as volunteer networks and shared housing projects.

To address these challenges, innovative solutions are required. Some countries are encouraging older adults to stay in the workforce longer by offering flexible working arrangements and incentives. Others are investing in robotics and artificial intelligence to assist in caregiving. Additionally, immigration policies that attract young workers from abroad are being explored as a way to balance the demographic scale.

Ultimately, how societies respond to aging will shape their future. A proactive approach that values the elderly while ensuring support for all age groups is essential for building inclusive and resilient communities in the decades to come.

Q1. Which economic consequence of population ageing is emphasised in the passage?

1. Rising birthrates will quickly stabilise the national pension programmes.
2. Technological breakthroughs will entirely replace older workers within decades.
3. Exports are expected to surge, offsetting any domestic labour shortfall.
4. Lower productivity may slow economic growth and reduce government revenues.

Q2. Which statement reflects the passage’s view on healthcare in ageing societies?

1. Elderly people generally need less medical attention than younger adults.
2. Medical spending rises because older citizens demand more intensive care.
3. Governments are cutting costs by reducing hospital visits for seniors.
4. Long‑term care is unnecessary when community clinics are readily available.

Q3. Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the passage?

1. Most governments expect ageing populations to lower overall healthcare spending.
2. Several developed nations are ageing due to improved life expectancy.
3. Loneliness among seniors can harm both mental and physical health.
4. Robotics and immigration are explored as solutions for caregiving shortages.