大学受験対策｜英語 長文読解問題32 難易度：★★☆☆☆

Electronic circuits power a wide range of devices, from simple household items to advanced industrial systems. To work properly, a circuit must have certain important qualities. One key feature is efficiency, meaning it should use as little energy as possible while still delivering the required performance. Designers often select low-power components or include power-saving functions to reduce overall consumption.

Another key factor is stability. A stable circuit can handle minor changes in voltage or temperature without failing. For example, using appropriate resistors and capacitors can keep signals smooth, preventing sudden shifts or noise that might cause errors. Reliability also matters. Good circuits are built with durable parts that are less likely to break over time. Even under heavy use, they continue to function correctly.

Safety is equally crucial. In some cases, designers add fuses or circuit breakers that stop the flow of current if there is an unexpected surge. This helps protect the circuit from damage and guards users against dangerous situations. Clear labeling of voltage levels and proper insulation are also vital for preventing accidents.

Furthermore, an effective circuit should be easy to maintain or upgrade. If a component fails, technicians should be able to replace it without altering the entire design. Careful organization of parts on a circuit board can make repairs faster and less expensive.

By focusing on efficiency, stability, reliability, safety, and maintainability, engineers create circuits that meet the needs of both consumers and manufacturers. These qualities ensure that electronic devices perform consistently and remain dependable over their full lifespan.

Q1. Which statement describes a way circuits can help avoid damage or injuries?

1. They always keep voltage under five volts, eliminating any chance of electrical harm.
2. Some designs include fuses or breakers that cut power during unexpected current surges.
3. They rely entirely on user caution, skipping clear labels and insulation on parts.
4. They remove all heat-producing elements, so ventilation systems become completely unnecessary.

Q2. What is mentioned as an important aspect of circuit maintenance?

1. Designers prefer permanent wiring methods, so parts cannot be updated or replaced.
2. Highly dependable circuits never require professional checks or occasional repairs.
3. Technicians can quickly swap out faulty components without having to rebuild everything.
4. All circuits must use rare metals that resist corrosion, even in extreme environments.

Q3. Which statement is NOT supported by the text about effective circuits?

1. They use carefully chosen components that minimize sudden changes and electrical interference.
2. They reduce total energy usage by selecting low-consumption parts wherever possible.
3. They operate safely without built-in protective features, relying on no external safeguards.
4. They are designed so that technicians can handle repairs promptly if any element fails.